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Biodiversity, short for "biological diversity," encompasses the vast variety of life on Earth at all levels. This includes the diversity of genes within a species, the diversity of species themselves (from microorganisms like bacteria to plants, animals, and fungi), and the diversity of ecosystems they inhabit, such as forests, oceans, deserts, and wetlands. It's not just about the number of different species, but also the genetic variation within those species and the complex web of interactions that bind them together within their respective environments.

This intricate web of life is crucial for maintaining healthy and functioning ecosystems, which in turn provide essential services to humanity. These "ecosystem services" include clean air and water, fertile soil for agriculture, pollination of crops, natural pest control, regulation of climate, and even sources for medicines and other valuable resources. The loss of biodiversity, often driven by human activities like habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change, can weaken these systems, making them less resilient to disturbances and jeopardizing the very services that sustain all life on our planet.