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An enzyme is a biological catalyst, primarily a protein, that significantly speeds up the rate of specific chemical reactions within living cells without being consumed in the process. They achieve this by lowering the activation energy required for a reaction to occur. Each enzyme typically has a unique three-dimensional structure with a specific region called an active site, where a particular molecule (the substrate) binds to facilitate the reaction. This high specificity allows enzymes to control and regulate the vast array of biochemical processes essential for life, such as digestion, energy production, and DNA replication.