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The sex ratio is a fundamental demographic indicator that describes the proportion of males to females within a population. It is a crucial metric for understanding population structure, dynamics, and potential social and economic implications. Analyzing sex ratios can reveal insights into birth patterns, mortality rates, migration trends, and even the impact of various societal factors on different genders.

More specifically, the sex ratio is typically expressed as the number of males per 100 females, though it can also be presented as the proportion of males to the total population. There are different types of sex ratios, such as the primary sex ratio (at conception), secondary sex ratio (at birth), and tertiary sex ratio (in the adult population). Each of these can be influenced by biological factors, such as genetics and susceptibility to certain diseases, as well as socio-economic factors like healthcare access, gender discrimination, and even cultural practices that might favor one sex over the other.

Understanding the sex ratio is vital for policymakers, researchers, and social planners as it helps in predicting future population trends, allocating resources effectively, and addressing potential imbalances that could lead to social challenges. Significant deviations from a balanced sex ratio can have profound consequences on marriage patterns, labor markets, and the overall well-being of a society, making its study essential for sustainable development.